WEBVTT 00:00.239 --> 00:03.480 How's everybody doing this morning ? Is 00:03.480 --> 00:06.079 there somebody out there ? How you 00:06.079 --> 00:08.079 doing good . Hey , I appreciate the 00:08.079 --> 00:10.301 time to be able to talk with you , uh , 00:10.301 --> 00:12.635 today . This is a really important , uh , 00:12.635 --> 00:14.857 conference to me . I've been here a few 00:14.857 --> 00:14.800 times before . It's really good to be 00:14.800 --> 00:16.911 back . I want to thank all those that 00:16.911 --> 00:19.133 had a hand in putting this together and 00:19.133 --> 00:21.780 continue to keep this quality . event 00:21.780 --> 00:24.659 that it is And a special thanks to 00:24.659 --> 00:26.770 General Formika to continue to invite 00:26.770 --> 00:28.992 me back , uh , despite my performance , 00:28.992 --> 00:30.770 but , uh , I'd love to have the 00:30.770 --> 00:32.810 opportunity to talk about space and 00:32.810 --> 00:35.740 space is what we're fighting . What I 00:35.740 --> 00:37.962 like to do today if I can , is a little 00:37.962 --> 00:40.184 different than what I , I usually do in 00:40.184 --> 00:42.184 a group like this . I think this is 00:42.184 --> 00:44.351 probably gonna be my last time to talk 00:44.351 --> 00:46.629 in front of this forum in uniform . Uh , 00:46.629 --> 00:48.629 at the end of 42 years , I couldn't 00:48.629 --> 00:50.851 decide if I was willing to fully commit 00:50.851 --> 00:50.700 to the army , so I figured if you can't 00:50.700 --> 00:52.922 commit , you might as well go ahead and 00:52.922 --> 00:55.659 get out . Um , but I would , uh , I'd 00:55.659 --> 00:57.659 like to talk a little bit about why 00:57.659 --> 01:00.340 space meant so much to me across a 40 01:00.340 --> 01:02.659 year career . So Generalermike is 01:02.659 --> 01:04.881 already concerned about the clock , and 01:04.881 --> 01:06.881 as soon as I say 40 year career , I 01:06.881 --> 01:06.779 know he's thinking this will go a 01:06.779 --> 01:09.730 couple of hours . I hope so , but , uh , 01:09.739 --> 01:11.683 we got 30 minutes . I'll watch the 01:11.683 --> 01:13.572 clock and we'll see what we get . 01:13.769 --> 01:15.936 Before I even start with that , before 01:15.936 --> 01:18.047 I dive into that , I just want to put 01:18.047 --> 01:20.269 one thing up front to make sure when we 01:20.269 --> 01:20.120 talk about spaces of war fighting 01:20.120 --> 01:22.287 domain and to set the context for what 01:22.287 --> 01:24.342 I really want to leave a message for 01:24.342 --> 01:26.669 you today is . You know , the United 01:26.669 --> 01:28.502 States faces that we only have a 01:28.502 --> 01:30.558 guiding principal , um , and that is 01:30.558 --> 01:32.780 that we're going to secure peace and do 01:32.780 --> 01:35.058 that with , uh , through strength , um , 01:35.058 --> 01:37.800 to show a deterrent stance . And to do 01:37.800 --> 01:39.911 that we have to be very well prepared 01:39.911 --> 01:42.440 for conflict in our area of operations 01:42.440 --> 01:45.690 space domain . And if the terms fails , 01:45.900 --> 01:48.067 we have to ensure that we are ready to 01:48.067 --> 01:51.120 fight and to win . And that drives 01:51.120 --> 01:53.231 everything that General Whiting , the 01:53.231 --> 01:55.231 commander for US Space Command , my 01:55.231 --> 01:57.287 boss , um , steers the United States 01:57.287 --> 01:59.453 Space Command to get at in a big way , 01:59.453 --> 02:01.453 and you're a huge part of that , no 02:01.453 --> 02:03.676 matter what role you play , uh , in the 02:03.676 --> 02:05.898 international security enterprise , you 02:05.898 --> 02:07.898 have the role of helping the United 02:07.898 --> 02:10.120 States Space Command do its job even if 02:10.120 --> 02:14.000 you don't realize . In 1984 , I 02:14.000 --> 02:16.250 was a young corporal on a Special 02:16.250 --> 02:18.389 Forces A team in the National Guard . 02:18.720 --> 02:20.960 And I remember the first time I really 02:20.960 --> 02:23.071 went to the field and did some of the 02:23.071 --> 02:25.559 uh exclusive work that we do on the way 02:25.559 --> 02:28.020 that we did communications . We did not 02:28.020 --> 02:30.740 just to foreshadow , we did not have 02:30.740 --> 02:33.050 satellite communications . What we did 02:33.050 --> 02:35.830 is we took antenna wire and we measured 02:35.830 --> 02:38.190 it out to the length of half of . 02:39.880 --> 02:42.320 High frequency wavelength . And but 02:42.320 --> 02:45.490 insulating uh . Material on each side 02:45.490 --> 02:47.490 of that and then we took an end and 02:47.490 --> 02:49.657 threw it up in a tree and took another 02:49.657 --> 02:51.823 end and threw it up in a tree , and we 02:51.823 --> 02:54.157 did high frequency communications . Now , 02:54.157 --> 02:56.157 if you do that right , you can talk 02:56.157 --> 02:58.157 around the world . There's a lot of 02:58.157 --> 02:57.960 things you gotta fight through to make 02:57.960 --> 03:00.182 that happen . It's cumbersome , takes a 03:00.182 --> 03:02.293 while to do it , but I thought it was 03:02.293 --> 03:04.516 slick as could be because look at these 03:04.516 --> 03:07.089 cops . Certainly farther than a radio 03:07.089 --> 03:10.000 would go . And uh and of course our 03:10.000 --> 03:13.649 comps guy was doing . Da da da da da da 03:13.649 --> 03:15.871 da we're doing Morse code . I mean , no 03:15.871 --> 03:17.982 kidding , Morse code . I used to know 03:17.982 --> 03:20.093 some of the Morse code . I don't know 03:20.093 --> 03:22.205 what I just said there , hopefully it 03:22.205 --> 03:25.919 was not . Yeah That's the way we had to 03:25.919 --> 03:28.639 operate and navigation was all about a 03:28.639 --> 03:30.639 map and a compass , the ones that a 03:30.639 --> 03:32.861 compass . I still have my onesetta Coas 03:32.861 --> 03:35.990 from 1980 . Don't tell the army that Um , 03:36.399 --> 03:38.455 and we got really good at how to use 03:38.455 --> 03:40.343 that . And so that's , you know , 03:40.343 --> 03:42.343 understand this advanced way of war 03:42.343 --> 03:44.455 fighting . I mean back then I guess I 03:44.455 --> 03:48.419 was advanced to cooperation . So 03:48.419 --> 03:51.679 now fast forward a few years to 1990 03:51.679 --> 03:54.710 and 1991 Desert Storm , and I there's a 03:54.710 --> 03:58.029 passing unit flying 0 58 . Vietnam 03:58.029 --> 04:01.460 era uh 0 58 helicopters , 04:03.009 --> 04:04.731 um , so what we had in our our 04:04.731 --> 04:06.953 instruments was an airspeed indicator , 04:06.953 --> 04:09.779 uh , a compass , magnetic compass , uh , 04:10.029 --> 04:11.196 attitude indicator . 04:13.929 --> 04:16.151 Mechanism that would take into your and 04:16.151 --> 04:17.500 give us a gyro-based 04:20.660 --> 04:22.493 head and that's what we have for 04:22.493 --> 04:24.604 navigation . And in Germany it worked 04:24.604 --> 04:26.716 OK because in Germany , the maps that 04:26.716 --> 04:28.890 we used in Germany , um , if you went 04:28.890 --> 04:31.001 out and looked at a pasture and there 04:31.001 --> 04:33.168 was a brick wall along the backside of 04:33.168 --> 04:35.223 that pasture , it had been there for 04:35.223 --> 04:37.529 400 years . It had been mapped for 400 04:37.529 --> 04:40.119 years . It was pretty accurate . Um , 04:40.250 --> 04:42.028 the bridges have been there for 04:42.028 --> 04:44.083 centuries , the river had been there 04:44.083 --> 04:46.250 for eons . It was just really easy to 04:46.250 --> 04:49.760 land that in Germany . Um , take that 04:49.760 --> 04:51.927 unit and then put them in the desert . 04:52.269 --> 04:55.450 In Saudi Arabia and then going into uh . 04:56.480 --> 04:58.702 Oh right in Kuwait is part of our surge 04:58.702 --> 05:01.829 into uh . Uh , into Iraq as part of 05:01.829 --> 05:05.179 Desert Storm . And things changed . I 05:05.179 --> 05:08.059 remember walking into our our intel NCO 05:08.059 --> 05:10.220 had set up a map board on MRE boxes . 05:10.880 --> 05:13.213 And we're missing two of our map sheets . 05:13.213 --> 05:15.380 So he took a poster block paper and he 05:15.380 --> 05:17.380 put them in those holes and then he 05:17.380 --> 05:19.324 drew lines across , so at least we 05:19.324 --> 05:21.436 could do the measurements and get our 05:21.436 --> 05:23.547 headings and distances . And when you 05:23.547 --> 05:25.547 walked into the tent , you couldn't 05:25.547 --> 05:27.579 immediately tell what was a map and 05:27.579 --> 05:29.801 what was a butcher block because it was 05:29.801 --> 05:31.857 just a desert . There wasn't much to 05:31.857 --> 05:34.100 use . There was one east-west road , a 05:34.100 --> 05:36.880 hardball Road , asphalt road . That was 05:36.880 --> 05:39.239 20 kilometers long because that road 05:39.239 --> 05:41.183 was still there but it was covered 05:41.183 --> 05:43.406 under sand . They built a new road that 05:43.406 --> 05:45.628 wasn't on the map , so the one road you 05:45.628 --> 05:47.739 had to navigate off of was wrong . So 05:47.739 --> 05:49.961 navigation was difficult before we went 05:49.961 --> 05:52.017 across the erm , we had a red-headed 05:52.017 --> 05:54.017 major , and the fact that Major was 05:54.017 --> 05:55.850 redheaded has nothing to do with 05:55.850 --> 05:58.017 anything other than I can remember . I 05:58.017 --> 05:59.850 remember this because he brought 05:59.850 --> 06:02.072 magically and he brought a voodoo box . 06:02.072 --> 06:04.239 And he said , Hey , if you take this , 06:04.239 --> 06:06.406 there's just a handful of them for the 06:06.406 --> 06:08.350 whole battalion . If you take this 06:08.350 --> 06:10.709 system , It will tell you where you are 06:10.709 --> 06:13.570 with great accuracy . For part of the 06:13.570 --> 06:16.839 day It was part of the days because in 06:16.839 --> 06:19.359 1990 we only had a partial GPS 06:19.359 --> 06:22.380 constellation . He said for part of the 06:22.380 --> 06:24.820 day , the box will tell you that it 06:24.820 --> 06:26.931 doesn't know where it is . I'm like , 06:26.931 --> 06:29.098 OK . He said for part of the day , the 06:29.098 --> 06:31.264 box will tell you where it is , but it 06:31.264 --> 06:33.470 will be wrong . And I'm like , you can 06:33.470 --> 06:37.350 have that back . I don't know if that's 06:37.350 --> 06:39.572 worth the wait to put the helicopter or 06:39.572 --> 06:42.109 not . Um , and so we struggled through 06:42.109 --> 06:44.331 that , but I'll tell you what I learned 06:44.331 --> 06:46.331 as a young lieutenant in the United 06:46.331 --> 06:48.470 States Army was the great power that 06:48.470 --> 06:50.526 space-based capabilities can provide 06:50.526 --> 06:52.549 you in a fight where the terrain is 06:52.549 --> 06:54.829 trying to kill you , darkness is trying 06:54.829 --> 06:57.269 to kill you , oil smoke is something 06:57.269 --> 06:59.158 you haven't had to deal with it's 06:59.158 --> 07:01.380 trying to kill you and there are people 07:01.380 --> 07:01.309 with weapons that are trying to kill 07:01.309 --> 07:03.476 you , and you're trying to navigate in 07:03.476 --> 07:06.230 that and when the GPS worked , it was 07:06.230 --> 07:09.200 glorious . I mean , you felt good . And 07:09.200 --> 07:11.256 then when it went bad you had this , 07:11.256 --> 07:13.144 this knot in your stomach of I've 07:13.144 --> 07:15.144 really got to watch my navigation . 07:15.200 --> 07:16.644 Same thing with satellite 07:16.644 --> 07:18.700 communications , we had some limited 07:18.700 --> 07:20.533 satellite communications and the 07:20.533 --> 07:23.000 distances that we um traveled the 07:23.000 --> 07:25.880 Desert Storm , it mattered to have 07:25.880 --> 07:27.880 those kind of coms because we would 07:27.880 --> 07:29.436 outrun our line of distance 07:29.436 --> 07:31.436 communications , still a problem in 07:31.436 --> 07:33.920 some places today . Um , so that's kind 07:33.920 --> 07:35.864 of my introduction to hey space is 07:35.864 --> 07:38.087 really important at the beginning of my 07:38.087 --> 07:41.079 career . In 1996 , it was in Korea . 07:42.029 --> 07:44.196 Remember watching the news , there was 07:44.196 --> 07:46.859 a North Korean commander . That had 07:46.859 --> 07:48.803 come ashore , and done a couple of 07:48.803 --> 07:50.970 weeks reconnaissance . It's a question 07:50.970 --> 07:53.026 of whether they were trying to do an 07:53.026 --> 07:55.192 assassination operation as well . Um , 07:55.192 --> 07:57.248 and then as the submarine came in to 07:57.248 --> 08:00.980 take them out . South Korea condo Air 08:00.980 --> 08:03.640 Force base . The submarine ran aground . 08:04.660 --> 08:07.290 Uh , the commandos , uh , and the navy 08:07.540 --> 08:09.540 the minded the submarines , so they 08:09.540 --> 08:12.040 burned the submarine . Uh , came ashore 08:12.040 --> 08:14.489 and then began to evade and try to make 08:14.489 --> 08:16.711 their way back to North Korea . We were 08:16.711 --> 08:18.600 part of an air element supporting 08:18.600 --> 08:20.779 43,000 South Korean soldiers as they 08:20.779 --> 08:23.010 tried to find the spies as they worked 08:23.010 --> 08:25.288 their way to try to get to North Korea , 08:25.288 --> 08:27.769 uh , with pretty good success . But the 08:27.769 --> 08:29.880 reason the North Koreans were in that 08:29.880 --> 08:32.530 plight is because . If you believe this 08:32.530 --> 08:36.458 further . Context is that before 08:36.458 --> 08:38.625 the fall of the wall , they had gotten 08:38.625 --> 08:40.847 some assistance from the Soviet Union . 08:41.349 --> 08:43.460 And that had fallen away and now they 08:43.460 --> 08:45.320 didn't have satellite access to 08:45.320 --> 08:47.520 satellite imagery , so they had lost 08:47.520 --> 08:49.799 their access to space and they had to 08:49.799 --> 08:51.855 go to these great measures that cost 08:51.855 --> 08:54.500 them dearly in the process . So again , 08:54.659 --> 08:56.770 another indication to a young captain 08:56.770 --> 08:58.881 now of how important the space is and 08:58.881 --> 09:02.419 access the space is . In 2010 , I 09:02.419 --> 09:05.099 worked with my good friend , uh , now 09:05.099 --> 09:07.780 General Zeman , uh , and then after him , 09:07.859 --> 09:10.780 uh , we colonel in the FA40 Bolio about 09:10.780 --> 09:14.609 MAS . At the very beginning of when KS 09:14.609 --> 09:17.359 was a concern . Um , you know , and we 09:17.359 --> 09:19.599 could kind of see and envision early on 09:19.599 --> 09:22.200 where we're gonna be with UAS 09:22.200 --> 09:24.478 capabilities and threats in the future , 09:24.478 --> 09:26.533 and it's kind of where we thought it 09:26.533 --> 09:28.700 would be . It's uh if you read some of 09:28.700 --> 09:30.756 the books out there recently like uh 09:30.756 --> 09:32.978 Unit X and some of those others we talk 09:32.978 --> 09:35.033 about uh how that missionary kind of 09:35.033 --> 09:37.270 snuck up on us . Um , we'll talk about 09:37.270 --> 09:39.548 that in just a minute about innovation . 09:39.830 --> 09:42.309 Um , the last thing I wanna talk about 09:42.309 --> 09:44.309 that I learned in the early part of 09:44.309 --> 09:47.510 Afghanistan is space is . Um , we begin 09:47.510 --> 09:49.739 to get things right , really right , 09:49.950 --> 09:52.117 and you can see the immediate impact . 09:53.140 --> 09:55.140 Having access to space in the early 09:55.140 --> 09:57.307 parts of the global war on terrorism . 09:58.109 --> 10:00.276 Um , and , and we were doing very well 10:00.276 --> 10:02.331 on that . There's one example that I 10:02.331 --> 10:04.387 will not go into the details on here 10:04.387 --> 10:06.553 today . I'll just tell you this , that 10:06.553 --> 10:08.665 space got it wrong and in the process 10:08.665 --> 10:10.831 of getting it wrong . We lost a number 10:10.831 --> 10:13.053 of special operations soldiers , one of 10:13.053 --> 10:15.053 those that I had worked with pretty 10:15.053 --> 10:17.220 closely before , um , and that stung , 10:17.220 --> 10:19.700 and I think from that I learned more 10:19.700 --> 10:22.460 than maybe anything else , this passion 10:22.460 --> 10:24.460 for getting space and getting space 10:24.460 --> 10:27.000 right , it matters . And that's all 10:27.000 --> 10:30.710 terrestrial support , um . You know , 10:31.039 --> 10:33.150 space . We haven't gotten to the idea 10:33.150 --> 10:35.372 of what this wolf fighting in the space 10:35.372 --> 10:37.650 area looked like . Before we get there , 10:37.650 --> 10:39.539 I want to talk a little bit about 10:39.539 --> 10:41.706 Innovation and I think the best way to 10:41.706 --> 10:43.928 talk about innovation would probably be 10:43.928 --> 10:46.039 this obvious example . I get the next 10:46.039 --> 10:48.679 slide . So there you go , any questions , 10:48.710 --> 10:52.039 um . Oh 10:52.809 --> 10:55.830 It's a cow . So here's a quick story on 10:55.830 --> 10:57.830 something that we should have known 10:57.830 --> 10:59.886 better , we should have . My brother 10:59.886 --> 11:02.650 and I grew up on a farm , uh , and , uh , 11:02.729 --> 11:04.896 you know , not , not in the city , not 11:04.896 --> 11:07.062 in the suburban area . So we did a lot 11:07.062 --> 11:08.951 of things together . We were best 11:08.951 --> 11:10.896 friends , uh , and brothers and we 11:10.896 --> 11:13.118 weren't fighting . And , uh , we played 11:13.118 --> 11:15.340 a lot of , uh , one on one basketball . 11:15.859 --> 11:17.970 I don't know how to pass a basketball 11:17.970 --> 11:20.192 because it was just me and him . We got 11:20.192 --> 11:20.030 pretty good at one on one though . My 11:20.030 --> 11:22.141 dunking was a little short , but uh . 11:22.659 --> 11:24.826 We , we would play some basketball and 11:24.826 --> 11:26.937 then we got bored with that , we take 11:26.937 --> 11:28.937 tennis balls and we'd throw them up 11:28.937 --> 11:31.103 against the side of the , the house on 11:31.103 --> 11:33.437 the roof when mom and dad weren't there . 11:33.437 --> 11:35.492 And , uh , and you know , like Steve 11:35.492 --> 11:37.826 McQueen if you've seen the Great Escape , 11:37.826 --> 11:37.289 so don't , don't kind of throw the ball 11:37.289 --> 11:41.260 around . And it , the cows were just 11:41.260 --> 11:43.640 right there , you know , in the front 11:43.640 --> 11:46.059 yard in the pasture . So we pick out a 11:46.059 --> 11:48.890 cow and try to take a tennis ball and 11:48.890 --> 11:51.001 if this does get to a space story , I 11:51.001 --> 11:54.750 promise . Take a tennis ball and and 11:54.750 --> 11:57.039 pick a cow and try to hit it . We can 11:57.039 --> 11:59.317 tend the cows love the game , I'm sure . 12:00.070 --> 12:03.849 Um But then we upped our game a little 12:03.849 --> 12:06.799 bit . We bought an airplane . No 12:06.799 --> 12:08.966 kidding . Uh , my brother was a senior 12:08.966 --> 12:11.021 in high school . I was a freshman in 12:11.021 --> 12:13.077 junior college , and I just finished 12:13.077 --> 12:15.243 basic training in AIT in the Army , so 12:15.243 --> 12:14.989 I had a little bit of money , and we 12:14.989 --> 12:17.156 bought a Sussman 150 . I just got my , 12:17.156 --> 12:19.156 uh , pilot's license . I'm going to 12:19.156 --> 12:21.378 work on some IFR time and so I bought a 12:21.378 --> 12:23.433 1502 seater that was IFR qualified , 12:23.433 --> 12:25.600 hard to find . Um , it was a trainer , 12:25.950 --> 12:28.117 but we got it and we , we open and fly 12:28.117 --> 12:30.117 a little bit . My brother wanted to 12:30.117 --> 12:32.228 learn to fly blinded in one eye so he 12:32.228 --> 12:34.228 couldn't sun fly us around , but we 12:34.228 --> 12:36.339 began to take . A bag of tennis balls 12:36.339 --> 12:38.679 with us . And we're flying all over the 12:38.679 --> 12:41.859 cows . And we pick one out and we try 12:41.859 --> 12:43.859 to hit the out of the tennis ball . 12:44.340 --> 12:47.700 Which is impossible . Uh , and so then 12:47.700 --> 12:50.979 we try to hit any cow in the herd with 12:50.979 --> 12:53.201 a tennis ball , and then we just try to 12:53.201 --> 12:56.609 hit the pasture . Um , but 12:57.669 --> 12:59.849 Didn't matter to me because that whole 12:59.849 --> 13:01.960 story I just gave you came back to me 13:01.960 --> 13:04.619 in a flash . When I had a special 13:04.619 --> 13:06.841 operations person come to me and said , 13:06.841 --> 13:08.909 hey , look , we have UAVs that are 13:08.909 --> 13:11.076 trying to drop our names on our head . 13:11.390 --> 13:14.140 And I , I don't , I don't know the best 13:14.140 --> 13:15.918 way to tackle this . We talk to 13:15.918 --> 13:18.196 Ericence , you talk to , uh , you know , 13:18.196 --> 13:20.750 different folks , industry , etc . What 13:20.750 --> 13:23.349 is it that space can do to help in this 13:23.349 --> 13:25.760 environment ? I'm not gonna talk about 13:25.760 --> 13:27.760 the answers that we came to there . 13:27.760 --> 13:29.982 What I'm gonna talk about is the fact , 13:29.982 --> 13:32.559 how did we miss that ? How did we as a 13:32.559 --> 13:34.726 community , we did not see that threat 13:34.726 --> 13:37.190 coming the way that it was done . Um , 13:37.280 --> 13:39.340 if , if two farm boys out there can 13:39.340 --> 13:41.507 figure out how to drop tennis balls on 13:41.507 --> 13:43.173 a cow , I understand that's a 13:43.173 --> 13:45.229 possibility . How did we miss that ? 13:45.229 --> 13:47.479 Where was our lack of imagination that 13:47.479 --> 13:49.701 we couldn't get to that ? And I'll tell 13:49.701 --> 13:51.701 you , the honorable what was talked 13:51.701 --> 13:53.812 about that last night too some of our 13:53.812 --> 13:55.535 dinner . But it's not just the 13:55.535 --> 13:57.701 technologies that have come , it's the 13:57.701 --> 13:59.812 people that's what I would understand 13:59.812 --> 14:01.812 more than anything else . It is the 14:01.812 --> 14:03.979 people . It is you in this room that's 14:03.979 --> 14:06.035 gonna get us to a place that gets us 14:06.035 --> 14:08.090 ahead of the threat , um , keep that 14:08.090 --> 14:10.359 imagination that that we should have in 14:10.359 --> 14:12.840 a very simple . Next slide . 14:14.359 --> 14:16.760 Right . General Way does a very good 14:16.760 --> 14:18.538 job of talking about in our war 14:18.538 --> 14:20.427 fighting roles that we have moral 14:20.427 --> 14:22.482 responsibilities . I think if you're 14:22.482 --> 14:24.593 part of the missionary , we all share 14:24.593 --> 14:26.538 those moral responsibilities , and 14:26.538 --> 14:28.593 that's to ensure that we can provide 14:28.593 --> 14:28.479 capabilities to the joint force with 14:28.479 --> 14:30.701 space that are so important . All those 14:30.701 --> 14:32.812 lessons I learned on my career path , 14:33.539 --> 14:35.595 uh , that . I was making , so it was 14:35.595 --> 14:34.849 kind of like news story that the United 14:34.849 --> 14:36.571 States in the real world space 14:36.571 --> 14:35.030 capabilities just to the way we lead 14:35.030 --> 14:36.030 our lives . 14:45.090 --> 14:47.270 Um , the military is absolutely 14:47.270 --> 14:49.214 designed around our ability to use 14:49.214 --> 14:51.330 space systems and a great job of 14:51.330 --> 14:53.386 explaining that in detail earlier in 14:53.386 --> 14:56.280 the week . Um , 14:57.409 --> 14:59.576 so it's important for us to be able to 14:59.576 --> 15:01.576 protective capabilities . Make sure 15:01.576 --> 15:04.169 that they're provided , but then how to 15:04.169 --> 15:06.391 protect and defend them against threats 15:06.391 --> 15:08.391 that have demonstrated they want to 15:08.391 --> 15:10.770 take those capabilities away . While I 15:10.770 --> 15:12.603 was learning how important space 15:12.603 --> 15:14.881 capabilities were along my career path , 15:15.049 --> 15:17.216 our adversaries were learning the same 15:17.216 --> 15:20.049 lessons by observing . They learned two 15:20.049 --> 15:23.450 major things . One , it's not a fair 15:23.450 --> 15:25.672 fight when someone has the asymmetrical 15:25.672 --> 15:27.894 advantage to space , so we want to have 15:27.894 --> 15:30.061 that for ourselves . And we want to be 15:30.061 --> 15:32.228 able to take that away from the United 15:32.228 --> 15:34.450 States and its allies . To try to level 15:34.450 --> 15:36.672 the playing field , which we don't want 15:36.672 --> 15:38.728 a fair fight . We want a very unfair 15:38.728 --> 15:38.539 fight that we know we're going to win . 15:39.520 --> 15:41.798 So how do you protect and defend those ? 15:41.798 --> 15:43.187 That's part of our moral 15:43.187 --> 15:45.298 responsibilities . And the last thing 15:45.298 --> 15:47.409 is , as uh other adversaries continue 15:47.409 --> 15:49.131 to increase their use of space 15:49.131 --> 15:51.298 capabilities , how do we prevent those 15:51.298 --> 15:53.631 from being used against the joint force ? 15:53.631 --> 15:55.520 So that's , I think that's a good 15:55.520 --> 15:57.687 context for the way that we , we think 15:57.687 --> 15:59.909 about spaces and we value domain . Next 15:59.909 --> 16:03.820 slide . I'm not gonna 16:03.820 --> 16:05.987 spend much time on this . I think most 16:05.987 --> 16:08.209 of you are probably familiar , um , but 16:08.209 --> 16:10.264 we have certain missions that we are 16:10.264 --> 16:12.431 given to us by law , those top three . 16:12.431 --> 16:14.487 then we have the president signs the 16:14.487 --> 16:16.542 unified command command plan and the 16:16.542 --> 16:18.376 fact that we're focused on space 16:18.376 --> 16:20.431 operation shouldn't be a surprise to 16:20.431 --> 16:20.380 anybody , but that's everything from 16:20.380 --> 16:22.539 PNT to ISR to missile warning to all 16:22.539 --> 16:24.960 those systems . The fact that we do 16:24.960 --> 16:27.400 global sensor manager , uh , missions 16:27.400 --> 16:30.030 gets us into the missile defense , uh , 16:30.039 --> 16:32.270 environment and we share capabilities , 16:32.400 --> 16:34.119 um , and we continue to build 16:34.119 --> 16:36.230 capabilities that allow us to work in 16:36.230 --> 16:38.008 both space domain awareness and 16:38.008 --> 16:40.380 understanding what's in our AOR , um , 16:40.390 --> 16:42.710 tied to the ability to do , uh , 16:42.719 --> 16:45.429 warning and tracking of , uh , missiles , 16:45.520 --> 16:47.464 uh , and , and part of the missile 16:47.464 --> 16:49.631 defense , missile defeat , and missile 16:49.631 --> 16:52.419 warning , uh , missionary . Global 16:52.479 --> 16:54.701 Saxon has become a critical part of how 16:54.701 --> 16:56.923 we operate . We are a global force . We 16:56.923 --> 16:59.090 have to always think of ourselves as a 16:59.090 --> 17:01.312 global force , even when we focus in on 17:01.312 --> 17:03.479 regional fights . It's critical how we 17:03.479 --> 17:02.599 do that . We talked a little bit about 17:02.599 --> 17:05.269 the missile defense already . Um , as 17:05.269 --> 17:07.436 the space joint force provider , we're 17:07.436 --> 17:09.658 really more the joint force recommender 17:09.658 --> 17:12.048 of the best way to , uh , posture and 17:12.048 --> 17:14.104 position our limited space forces to 17:14.104 --> 17:15.937 get the most effect based on the 17:15.937 --> 17:18.104 priorities of the , of the president . 17:19.030 --> 17:22.290 Secretary of Defense And lastly , we do 17:22.290 --> 17:24.459 have our own area where we'll do our 17:24.459 --> 17:26.515 fighting in . And even though we are 17:26.515 --> 17:28.939 absolutely tied to terrestrial , if you 17:28.939 --> 17:31.106 have a satellite you can't talk to the 17:31.106 --> 17:33.161 Earth , then what's the point of the 17:33.161 --> 17:35.272 satellite ? So we know that we have a 17:35.272 --> 17:37.383 terrestrial tether , but our fighting 17:37.383 --> 17:39.550 is focused on protecting and defending 17:39.550 --> 17:42.189 our assets . And taking away 17:42.189 --> 17:44.356 capabilities from our adversaries that 17:44.356 --> 17:46.979 have hurt our joint force in our AOR . 17:47.300 --> 17:49.467 We like to make a point of saying that 17:49.467 --> 17:51.760 space isn't special . But it is unique 17:51.969 --> 17:53.913 and we say not special because the 17:53.913 --> 17:55.969 principles of war , the way we think 17:55.969 --> 17:57.913 about war fighting for hundreds of 17:57.913 --> 18:00.136 years still applies . So many cases and 18:00.136 --> 18:02.136 how we think about what that future 18:02.136 --> 18:04.247 conflict , war fighting in our domain 18:04.247 --> 18:08.119 looks like . Um , But uh 18:08.119 --> 18:10.199 it's also , it is unique , Kepler 18:10.199 --> 18:13.000 applause . In ways that we don't see on 18:13.000 --> 18:15.222 the Earth , Newton also applies , so we 18:15.222 --> 18:17.333 bring that with us , but , uh , so we 18:17.333 --> 18:20.000 think of it in that way . Um , I will 18:20.000 --> 18:22.111 tell you on the transregional missile 18:22.111 --> 18:24.333 defense , one thing that I've learned , 18:24.333 --> 18:26.500 um , and I think this is really true , 18:26.500 --> 18:28.667 and we're we're getting closer to that 18:28.667 --> 18:30.556 in venues and forums like this to 18:30.556 --> 18:32.667 understanding the convergence between 18:32.667 --> 18:34.833 missile defense , uh , missile warning 18:34.833 --> 18:36.959 missions , and the space operations 18:36.959 --> 18:39.015 missions , and in a lot of ways they 18:39.015 --> 18:40.949 are becoming the same mission . I 18:40.949 --> 18:42.838 briefed that in Congress and that 18:42.838 --> 18:44.560 resonates with me . I think it 18:44.560 --> 18:46.560 resonated with a lot of experts out 18:46.560 --> 18:48.671 there . Hopefully that resonates with 18:48.671 --> 18:50.838 you and I see us continuing to build a 18:50.838 --> 18:52.782 closer , uh , interoperability and 18:52.782 --> 18:54.949 interaction that allows us to maximize 18:54.949 --> 18:57.060 both of those missionaries as we move 18:57.060 --> 19:00.290 forward together . Next slide . I'm not 19:00.290 --> 19:02.290 gonna talk deeply about the threats 19:02.290 --> 19:04.234 because I know they've been talked 19:04.234 --> 19:06.179 about a lot . I could not put a re 19:06.179 --> 19:08.346 slide in here because everything we do 19:08.346 --> 19:10.179 is based on what do we think our 19:10.179 --> 19:12.234 adversaries are gonna do in China is 19:12.234 --> 19:14.012 our pacing , uh , our near pure 19:14.012 --> 19:16.709 adversary in space . Next slide . In 19:16.709 --> 19:19.540 Russia , despite its war that it has 19:19.540 --> 19:23.319 now , the conflict it has . Ukraine and 19:23.319 --> 19:25.319 other areas that it looks like it 19:25.319 --> 19:27.280 continues to monitor for its own 19:27.280 --> 19:30.000 security issues and concerns . Despite 19:30.000 --> 19:32.000 all of that , it still continues to 19:32.000 --> 19:34.111 fund and remains an opponent in space 19:34.111 --> 19:36.260 and it stays very active . Uh , and 19:36.260 --> 19:37.816 threatening our space space 19:37.816 --> 19:40.149 capabilities while it builds its own on . 19:40.149 --> 19:43.959 Next slide . Talking about , uh , 19:43.969 --> 19:45.747 organizational structure for US 19:45.747 --> 19:47.802 Spacetime . The main takeaway I give 19:47.802 --> 19:49.969 you for this slide is I'm not gonna go 19:49.969 --> 19:51.969 through each one of the units , but 19:51.969 --> 19:54.247 it's joint . There is every service is , 19:54.247 --> 19:56.302 uh , recognized on this chart except 19:56.302 --> 19:58.413 for one . Coast Guard , I don't think 19:58.413 --> 20:00.469 we put them on the chart , but Coast 20:00.469 --> 19:59.800 Guard is part of the United States 19:59.800 --> 20:01.967 Space Command . Uh , we always have at 20:01.967 --> 20:04.189 least one member from the Coast Guard , 20:04.189 --> 20:06.078 but we work closely with them and 20:06.078 --> 20:08.189 recent activity where we work closely 20:08.189 --> 20:10.411 with theecom . Some of the work that we 20:10.411 --> 20:12.356 did was space support to the Coast 20:12.356 --> 20:14.467 Guard as they conducted operations in 20:14.467 --> 20:18.439 support of the PACO's missionary . I 20:18.439 --> 20:20.495 do want to highlight that we do have 20:20.495 --> 20:22.717 those 5 mission centers in the middle , 20:22.717 --> 20:24.661 so it gets to some of those , uh , 20:24.661 --> 20:26.495 missionaries we talked about the 20:26.495 --> 20:28.439 combined space operations center , 20:28.439 --> 20:30.272 which is providing theater space 20:30.272 --> 20:32.383 support . So that was the first moral 20:32.383 --> 20:34.606 responsibility , National Space Defense 20:34.606 --> 20:34.489 Center . The next two moral 20:34.489 --> 20:37.079 responsibility areas is being able to 20:37.079 --> 20:39.246 protect and defend our assets on orbit 20:39.246 --> 20:41.319 and then to mitigate those of our 20:41.319 --> 20:43.890 adversaries . Missile warning was sent 20:43.890 --> 20:46.057 to the sensor management piece that we 20:46.057 --> 20:48.168 talked about in our missile warning , 20:48.168 --> 20:50.699 um , focused mission area along with 20:50.699 --> 20:53.439 our , uh , the job sea that on overhead 20:53.439 --> 20:55.495 for assistant IR center and then our 20:55.495 --> 20:57.606 navigation center which is focused on 20:57.606 --> 21:01.469 PNT . timing and GPA . OK , 21:01.550 --> 21:04.859 next line , please . This is a big part 21:04.859 --> 21:07.081 of what General White talks about , and 21:07.081 --> 21:09.137 this is really important is the fact 21:09.137 --> 21:11.248 that we consider space operations and 21:11.248 --> 21:13.415 our part of missile defense operations 21:13.415 --> 21:15.581 a team sport . There's no service that 21:15.581 --> 21:17.581 can do this on its own . There's no 21:17.581 --> 21:19.692 country that can do this on its own . 21:19.692 --> 21:21.970 Uh , industry can't do this on its own . 21:21.970 --> 21:24.060 It takes the whole . uh , enterprise 21:24.060 --> 21:26.390 ecosystem , academia as well we we work 21:26.390 --> 21:28.446 so closely with the universities and 21:28.446 --> 21:30.750 think tanks to help try to get ahead of 21:30.750 --> 21:33.229 that innovative piece of if I can drop 21:33.229 --> 21:35.340 a tennis ball on a cow , I can drop a 21:35.340 --> 21:37.007 grenade on a cow , what's the 21:37.007 --> 21:39.118 equivalent of those innovative things 21:39.118 --> 21:41.340 in the imagination we should be putting 21:41.340 --> 21:43.562 into play in the space fight . It takes 21:43.562 --> 21:45.785 that whole team and all those different 21:45.785 --> 21:47.951 perspectives to get us to that point . 21:47.951 --> 21:47.780 I would highlight because you're gonna 21:47.780 --> 21:50.002 have the panel here in just a minute on 21:50.002 --> 21:52.058 the left-hand side of the chart here 21:52.058 --> 21:54.224 that probably our closest interactions 21:54.224 --> 21:56.169 to date has been with Endoeycom in 21:56.169 --> 21:58.319 terms of integration for war fighting 21:58.319 --> 22:00.420 from a space perspective and my 22:00.420 --> 22:02.531 personal opinion , having watched the 22:02.531 --> 22:04.698 growth over the last 3 or 4 years with 22:04.698 --> 22:06.531 our tier one , our highest level 22:06.531 --> 22:08.753 exercises , we have come a long way and 22:08.753 --> 22:10.364 we are really doing close in 22:10.364 --> 22:12.920 integration . With the activities and 22:12.920 --> 22:15.031 the actions and the objectives of the 22:15.031 --> 22:17.829 Paycom in space , we're almost one 22:17.829 --> 22:19.885 voice in everything that we do there 22:19.885 --> 22:22.310 that continues to grow . Um , allies 22:22.310 --> 22:24.421 critical , and I could spend the next 22:24.421 --> 22:26.532 hour just talking about allies easily 22:26.532 --> 22:28.643 about all the work that we've done as 22:28.643 --> 22:30.866 we continue to stand up , uh , I know , 22:30.866 --> 22:33.339 stand up , uh , uh , activities like , 22:33.430 --> 22:35.750 uh , Olympic Defender where General 22:35.750 --> 22:38.540 Whiting is , uh , the commander of that 22:38.540 --> 22:40.707 organization as it stands up and we're 22:40.707 --> 22:42.818 getting closer to real operations all 22:42.818 --> 22:44.873 the time . We've , we've done , uh , 22:44.873 --> 22:47.040 real operations , but they grow , um . 22:47.589 --> 22:49.811 As we continue to work closely with our 22:49.811 --> 22:52.033 allies and we grow the number of allies 22:52.033 --> 22:54.089 that we work with the space . People 22:54.089 --> 22:53.709 like to talk about space . It's 22:53.709 --> 22:55.989 exciting and it has real impact when 22:55.989 --> 22:58.045 you , when you get into the nuts and 22:58.045 --> 23:00.211 bolts of it and do it . So it helps us 23:00.211 --> 23:02.322 in forming strong alliances and those 23:02.322 --> 23:05.310 partnerships . Um , but lastly with the 23:05.310 --> 23:07.477 industry , you know , how are we gonna 23:07.477 --> 23:09.477 change things really the innovation 23:09.477 --> 23:11.643 that's leading us today is more out of 23:11.643 --> 23:13.810 industry than anywhere else . You know 23:13.810 --> 23:15.921 the story of how we've turned that on 23:15.921 --> 23:18.143 this head from the early astronaut days 23:18.143 --> 23:17.949 when the government kind of led the 23:17.949 --> 23:20.189 space industry . The industry is 23:20.189 --> 23:22.300 leading the government today and it's 23:22.300 --> 23:24.522 you that are gonna help us come up with 23:24.522 --> 23:26.745 uh the right ways , the innovative ways 23:26.745 --> 23:28.578 to continue to stay ahead of our 23:28.578 --> 23:30.689 adversaries . So that leads us to the 23:30.689 --> 23:33.489 next slide . We're back to OK , so we 23:33.489 --> 23:35.810 had a problem with our cow , but we 23:35.810 --> 23:37.921 should have known better . What do we 23:37.921 --> 23:39.143 do now ? Next slide . 23:43.030 --> 23:45.800 Go ahead So we have priorities in US 23:45.800 --> 23:47.856 space demand that we're focused on . 23:47.856 --> 23:50.133 You're probably tracking these already , 23:50.133 --> 23:50.119 but it's to be prepared and postured 23:50.119 --> 23:52.119 and ready for the fight . We talked 23:52.119 --> 23:54.119 about that up front , to be able to 23:54.119 --> 23:56.341 counter the threats that we that we see 23:56.341 --> 23:58.452 in our domain and our AOR . We talked 23:58.452 --> 24:00.599 about strengthening partnerships and 24:00.599 --> 24:02.488 continue to focus on , you know , 24:02.719 --> 24:04.775 beyond words and PowerPoint slides , 24:04.775 --> 24:06.640 how are we actually providing 24:06.640 --> 24:08.640 additional advantage , war fighting 24:08.640 --> 24:10.862 capability and advantage , and then how 24:10.862 --> 24:12.920 do we practice . How do we rehearse 24:12.920 --> 24:15.031 exercise those and continue to have a 24:15.031 --> 24:17.560 fast turnloop on what we learn from our 24:17.560 --> 24:19.989 exercises and experiments . To put 24:19.989 --> 24:22.100 requirements back into the system and 24:22.100 --> 24:24.211 move at the speed that we have . That 24:24.211 --> 24:26.322 was another thing that Honorable work 24:26.322 --> 24:28.880 was talked about is where speed maybe 24:28.880 --> 24:31.479 wasn't the focus for our acquisitions 24:31.479 --> 24:33.646 processes in the past . It is today it 24:33.646 --> 24:35.868 has to be , and I think we see that sea 24:35.868 --> 24:38.090 change occurring today will continue to 24:38.090 --> 24:41.310 have to continue . Next slide . That 24:41.959 --> 24:44.589 To some specific areas that we're 24:44.589 --> 24:47.020 focused on at Space Co . Your takeaway 24:47.020 --> 24:48.964 from reading through those 10 very 24:48.964 --> 24:51.131 quickly should tell you that those are 24:51.131 --> 24:53.131 war fighting focused missionaries . 24:53.189 --> 24:55.245 General Whitey continues to focus on 24:55.245 --> 24:57.356 that like a laser beam of light . The 24:57.356 --> 24:59.411 one that I would highlight that it's 24:59.411 --> 25:01.589 new is the 5th 1 from the bottom , 25:01.670 --> 25:04.003 sustained Space Operations and maneuver . 25:04.550 --> 25:06.790 That wasn't in our list of focus areas 25:06.790 --> 25:09.359 last year and it's this year . And we 25:09.359 --> 25:11.359 are really putting energy into that 25:11.359 --> 25:13.526 because as we've gotten our feet under 25:13.526 --> 25:15.526 this as we've established uh United 25:15.526 --> 25:18.189 States Space Command . And we continue 25:18.189 --> 25:20.245 to look at what's next in the in the 25:20.245 --> 25:22.078 terms of being able to really do 25:22.078 --> 25:24.245 fighting and war fighting in our AOR . 25:24.630 --> 25:26.686 We have to think about maneuver , we 25:26.686 --> 25:28.908 have to think about the normalize joint 25:28.908 --> 25:32.239 functional um areas of the , for the 25:32.239 --> 25:34.680 joint force , which includes maneuver 25:34.680 --> 25:36.847 in a way that we haven't thought about 25:36.847 --> 25:39.069 it in space before . And that gets into 25:39.069 --> 25:41.124 a couple of things . It's , uh , how 25:41.124 --> 25:43.236 can you replenish fast enough to , to 25:43.236 --> 25:45.402 equate maneuver if you lose a system , 25:45.402 --> 25:47.347 not the maneuver , a new system in 25:47.347 --> 25:49.458 place , uh , to take its place . Um , 25:49.458 --> 25:51.458 how do I do logistics to be able to 25:51.458 --> 25:53.569 support my , uh , capabilities either 25:53.569 --> 25:55.791 on the ground terrestrial or on orbit ? 25:56.020 --> 25:58.187 And then , no kidding , how do I , how 25:58.187 --> 26:00.076 do I dogfight in space ? How do I 26:00.076 --> 26:03.300 outmaneuver and outlast a threat that 26:03.300 --> 26:05.459 is , uh , that is set on trying to 26:05.459 --> 26:07.070 destroy my capability either 26:07.070 --> 26:09.989 kinetically or not . So as you look 26:09.989 --> 26:12.211 through those , you see at the very top 26:12.211 --> 26:14.267 we're talking about integrated space 26:14.267 --> 26:16.267 fires . Uh , and everything else is 26:16.267 --> 26:18.489 kind of driven by the ability for us to 26:18.489 --> 26:20.489 achieve effects , either kinetic or 26:20.489 --> 26:22.760 non-kinetic , as adversaries continue 26:22.760 --> 26:24.927 to look at how they want to attack our 26:24.927 --> 26:26.927 systems , how we protect and defend 26:26.927 --> 26:29.770 those systems . Nextli . 26:31.839 --> 26:34.006 If you're interested in talking to our 26:34.006 --> 26:36.117 requirements folks at US Spacetime or 26:36.117 --> 26:38.800 JA , this is the entryway , uh , and to 26:38.800 --> 26:40.911 them he asked me to put this out here 26:40.911 --> 26:44.339 as our commercial to you , um , uh , it , 26:44.439 --> 26:47.119 it lets you go in and answer some basic 26:47.119 --> 26:49.341 questions about , you know , what are , 26:49.341 --> 26:51.508 what are our top priorities , what are 26:51.508 --> 26:53.760 your requirements , uh , and can , can 26:53.760 --> 26:56.250 get you , uh , time with our JA to talk 26:56.250 --> 26:57.806 about the way ahead for our 26:57.806 --> 27:00.380 capabilities . important to put that 27:00.380 --> 27:02.047 out here because of the close 27:02.047 --> 27:03.880 partnership we have to have with 27:03.880 --> 27:06.047 industry to be able to succeed in what 27:06.047 --> 27:09.780 we want to do . Next one . So that 27:09.780 --> 27:12.339 completes my brief . I think I have a 27:12.339 --> 27:14.900 few minutes for questions . I also have 27:14.900 --> 27:16.939 one more slide that is not a cow . 27:19.119 --> 27:21.397 But it's a , it's a really cute kitten . 27:21.800 --> 27:23.800 So you tell me if you want to ask a 27:23.800 --> 27:25.744 question or if you want to see the 27:25.744 --> 27:27.856 kitten slide . What do we go , kitten 27:27.856 --> 27:29.290 slide ? But 27:31.770 --> 27:34.103 Alright , we'll start with a king slide . 27:34.103 --> 27:37.510 The story on this has changed . I am 27:37.510 --> 27:40.359 not a cat person . When I was at the , 27:40.400 --> 27:44.160 at the Prague uh Space symposium on 27:44.160 --> 27:46.719 Father's Day , I got a 3 o'clock in the 27:46.719 --> 27:50.050 morning text . I'm in the Czech Czech 27:50.050 --> 27:53.180 Republic . And be congratulated by my 27:53.180 --> 27:55.619 wife on my new gifts for Father's Day . 27:58.410 --> 28:01.930 Change can happen and uh it can be 28:01.930 --> 28:04.050 good and this is , this is like the 28:04.050 --> 28:06.290 best pet we've ever had . Now that's 28:06.290 --> 28:10.219 classified information . Uh , but 28:10.219 --> 28:12.819 that is Obi-Wan , um , the cat . 28:14.560 --> 28:16.939 Apparently being mugged in that first 28:16.939 --> 28:20.760 picture . But change can happen . Be 28:20.760 --> 28:23.093 ready for change . It can be unexpected , 28:23.280 --> 28:25.599 and if you manage it correctly , change 28:25.599 --> 28:27.880 can be really good for us . OK , well 28:27.880 --> 28:29.769 that this is a con of questions . 28:31.900 --> 28:33.733 Oh , no , put the kids back up . 28:37.359 --> 28:39.979 Thank you , sir . Have a few questions 28:39.979 --> 28:41.819 from the audience and Thank 28:45.449 --> 28:47.449 How do you see the relation between 28:47.449 --> 28:49.005 space fires and space-based 28:49.005 --> 28:50.949 interceptors , the implications of 28:50.949 --> 28:53.060 space as the war fighting domain sink 28:53.060 --> 28:56.329 in . We acquire more space fires , 28:56.630 --> 28:59.060 might it contribute to the emergence of 28:59.060 --> 28:59.729 SBI ? 29:02.800 --> 29:06.709 So the easy answer there is yes . Um , 29:07.040 --> 29:09.207 I think that the idea of what you mean 29:09.207 --> 29:11.373 for space interceptors and you've seen 29:11.373 --> 29:13.429 that , uh , discussion , uh , in the 29:13.429 --> 29:15.429 open press about the possibility of 29:15.429 --> 29:17.096 those , I think that would be 29:17.096 --> 29:20.569 considered . A kinetic aspect of uh of 29:20.569 --> 29:23.859 uh space fires , integrated fires . And 29:23.859 --> 29:26.026 so to me that's kind of an obvious way 29:26.026 --> 29:27.859 that we'll look to in the future 29:27.859 --> 29:30.099 potentially for capabilities . But you 29:30.109 --> 29:32.680 can't do that in isolation . Those 10 29:32.680 --> 29:34.902 things that are on the list all have to 29:34.902 --> 29:37.013 go together . You still got to have , 29:37.013 --> 29:36.680 how do you command and control those 29:36.680 --> 29:38.902 systems ? How do you do the taring with 29:38.902 --> 29:40.958 that ? How do you just space to make 29:40.958 --> 29:43.069 awareness ? Uh , so anything that can 29:43.069 --> 29:45.291 be integrated fires from non-kinetic or 29:45.291 --> 29:47.402 what might be kinetic fires . I think 29:47.402 --> 29:49.630 it's uh . I think in my mind that would 29:49.630 --> 29:53.160 be part of if it's operating in RAOR US 29:53.160 --> 29:56.030 Spacetime should have some role in , in 29:56.030 --> 29:57.829 the targeting processes and the 29:57.829 --> 30:00.949 execution and whatever capability uh 30:00.949 --> 30:03.349 you would describe for the future uh 30:03.349 --> 30:07.130 force an integrated spacetime . I don't 30:07.130 --> 30:09.241 know who asked the question . If that 30:09.241 --> 30:11.463 answered your question . If it didn't , 30:11.463 --> 30:13.574 feel free to . Ask for follow We have 30:13.574 --> 30:15.686 another question , sir . Uh , what is 30:15.686 --> 30:18.479 the kitty's name ? What the kitty's 30:18.479 --> 30:22.410 name Obi-Wan . I , so the 30:22.410 --> 30:24.410 lightsaber picture I didn't have up 30:24.410 --> 30:28.180 here , but we'll get that , that . Not 30:28.180 --> 30:30.949 the cow The cows never get the right 30:30.949 --> 30:33.171 level of respect . I don't know . Quite 30:33.171 --> 30:35.280 true , sir , quite true . Question , 30:35.359 --> 30:37.069 how will all these disparate 30:37.069 --> 30:39.236 organizations come together to shake . 30:39.810 --> 30:41.977 Golden Dome architecture and ensure it 30:41.977 --> 30:43.810 meets the needs of the users and 30:43.810 --> 30:47.599 operators . Well , so if Any kind 30:47.599 --> 30:49.766 of organization that we had that would 30:49.766 --> 30:51.877 be designed to protect our homeland , 30:51.877 --> 30:53.988 uh , homeland defense , and I'll talk 30:53.988 --> 30:55.877 in terms of homeland defense . We 30:55.877 --> 30:57.877 worked that today . We work closely 30:57.877 --> 31:00.043 with Northern Command , we work with , 31:00.043 --> 31:02.155 uh , Southern Command , um , but it's 31:02.155 --> 31:04.377 not just you can't think of defending , 31:04.377 --> 31:07.400 um , the homeland in a way that is . Um , 31:07.500 --> 31:10.939 only , uh , based or focused in North 31:10.939 --> 31:13.180 America . You , from the Spacecom 31:13.180 --> 31:15.069 perspective , everything we do is 31:15.069 --> 31:17.780 global . And so if you're concerned 31:17.780 --> 31:21.180 about uh uh missile launches from 31:21.180 --> 31:23.579 overseas locations . That's where our 31:23.579 --> 31:25.746 work starts . So that means we have to 31:25.746 --> 31:28.180 be tightly tied with into Paycom's 31:28.180 --> 31:30.124 coming from that area , from UCO , 31:30.124 --> 31:32.347 whatever , you know , the threat may be 31:32.347 --> 31:35.250 uh coming from . And so we have to be 31:35.250 --> 31:37.194 tightly tied in with the combative 31:37.194 --> 31:39.417 commands . We have to be multi-domain , 31:39.530 --> 31:41.863 multi-combatant command , multi-service , 31:41.863 --> 31:43.919 allies , all those partnerships I've 31:43.919 --> 31:46.030 talked about in any form of structure 31:46.329 --> 31:49.260 that's gonna be based . Uh , on defense 31:49.260 --> 31:51.300 of the homeland or defense of our 31:51.300 --> 31:53.979 forces out in the field , we pushed 31:53.979 --> 31:56.090 really hard for that whole team sport 31:56.090 --> 31:58.660 approach . Uh , it takes that entire 31:58.660 --> 32:00.660 team to be able to operate and it's 32:00.660 --> 32:02.716 difficult to , difficult work . It's 32:02.716 --> 32:04.716 easy to say , it's easy to put on a 32:04.716 --> 32:06.938 PowerPoint slide . Um , but the ability 32:06.938 --> 32:09.829 to command and control , to understand 32:09.829 --> 32:11.940 effects , to get the timing and tempo 32:11.940 --> 32:13.885 that has the most effect , because 32:13.885 --> 32:15.773 that's how we're really gonna win 32:15.773 --> 32:17.885 against our adversary . Is that whole 32:17.885 --> 32:20.051 team working together in a synergistic 32:20.051 --> 32:22.273 effect , a holistic approach , a lot of 32:22.273 --> 32:24.329 buzzwords in there , but they really 32:24.329 --> 32:24.260 mean something , and they're all 32:24.260 --> 32:26.260 difficult to do . We don't shy away 32:26.260 --> 32:28.482 from it.A is authorized in our business 32:28.482 --> 32:30.649 and we're not , we don't shy away from 32:30.649 --> 32:32.816 it , but it's a great question because 32:32.816 --> 32:35.390 it's a huge focus for US Space To today , 32:35.420 --> 32:37.642 and I think in my mind , the reason you 32:37.642 --> 32:39.698 have the United States Space Command 32:39.698 --> 32:41.753 and the reason you will maintain the 32:41.753 --> 32:43.920 United States Space Command . Into the 32:43.920 --> 32:46.142 future is to be able to do that mission 32:46.142 --> 32:48.309 to integrate across all the services , 32:48.309 --> 32:50.630 all the combatic commands , our allies , 32:50.959 --> 32:54.719 uh , into the academic world and 32:54.719 --> 32:56.941 into industry and their commercial . We 32:56.941 --> 33:00.630 had huge uh Focus in the 33:00.630 --> 33:02.741 industry today and you'll see that in 33:02.741 --> 33:04.852 our commercial immigration sale , our 33:04.852 --> 33:07.074 joint commercial operations sale , um , 33:07.074 --> 33:09.241 and our requirements processes that we 33:09.241 --> 33:11.130 continue to work and reach out to 33:11.130 --> 33:13.297 industry . Industry is gonna help lead 33:13.297 --> 33:15.408 how do we take that very hard problem 33:15.408 --> 33:17.630 set and in ways that we haven't thought 33:17.630 --> 33:19.574 about today . We're gonna see that 33:19.574 --> 33:21.630 tennis ball falling out of the sky , 33:21.689 --> 33:23.911 and we're gonna realize , hey , there's 33:23.911 --> 33:26.022 something else out there that we need 33:26.022 --> 33:25.250 to be ready for , and we're gonna 33:25.250 --> 33:27.472 continue to innovate to get at the very 33:27.472 --> 33:29.639 answer of your question . You know , I 33:29.639 --> 33:29.569 forgot one part of the tennis ball 33:29.569 --> 33:31.625 story I have to tell because this is 33:31.625 --> 33:33.791 the most important part . We're flying 33:33.791 --> 33:36.069 over , dropping a few tennis balls out . 33:36.199 --> 33:38.040 My dad's on the end of this long 33:38.040 --> 33:41.280 asphalt , uh , uh , driveway , and he's 33:41.280 --> 33:43.391 waving at the plane . He doesn't know 33:43.391 --> 33:45.680 what's going on , and suddenly a tennis 33:45.680 --> 33:48.000 ball bounces 30 ft high right beside 33:48.000 --> 33:50.222 him , and I just wish I could have been 33:50.222 --> 33:51.889 there to watch that cognitive 33:51.889 --> 33:54.619 connection of . Because there was a 33:54.619 --> 33:56.008 long speech after that . 34:00.010 --> 34:01.732 We didn't drop anything out of 34:01.732 --> 34:03.954 airplanes anymore anyway . I discovered 34:03.954 --> 34:07.569 I don't think that's . Thank OK , thank 34:07.569 --> 34:09.291 you . I appreciate your time . 34:11.629 --> 34:11.879 You